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Aug. 28, 1928. 1,682,262

I u. ANTON] BODY STRUCTURE FOR AERIAL AND LAND VEHICLES AND IARINE CRAFT Filed Feb. 8, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 nnflflun v 1. r-

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U. ANTONI BQDY STRUCTURE FOR ABRIAL AND LAND VEHICLES AND IARINE CRAFT Filed Feb. 8, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Aug. 28, 1928.

UNITED STATES y ssuer PATENT oar-lea.

UGO. ANTONY,v OF VIAREGGIO, ITALY.

BODY STRUCTURE FOR AERIAL AND- LAND VEHICLES AND MARINE CRAFT.

Application filed February 8, 1927, Serial No. 166,755, and in Italy May 5, 192. 6.

The present invention relates to a system of construction for hulls and car bodies in general of a minimal resistance to their progress in fluids.

5 If the body of fishes is examined we see that the fore section is always strongly larger than in the remaining body progressively tapering towards the tail that is towards the axial propeller.

Besides this shape constant in all classes of fishes we note that in the bony fishes the opercles are placed in the'largest section of the body and always consist of a very resistant substance and while they evidently serve l5 to protect the respiratory organs (gills or branchiae) they have another not negligible function.

In the reciprocating movement of the re'- spiration the section of the fish in the zone of the head augments intermittently by the action of the fluid flowing through the gills.

Owing to said shape the speed impressed to the fish by thetail propeller causes the fluid to suifer an abrupt side deviation, a strong depression consequently taking place in these zones while the meeting of the fluid threads shifted by the head occurs in the main propeller that is in correspondence of the tail.

The ratio between the section, the length and speed of a fish is constant, consequently short fishes have a strongl compressed form so that the fish tail prope ler turns to act in a place adapted to o tain the highest efiicienw cy that is in correspondence of the meeting point of the fluid threads displaced by the fore section of the fish.

It isnow evident that owing to the creation of two lateral zones in which the fluid has suffered a depression as above mentioned the oscillations of the body will occur with a small force while the caudal fin is exposed to the full impact of the fluid, a maximum eificiency being thus realized by means of a minimal force.

It is further to be noted that the pectoral fins are constantly placed behind the opercles, said fins at will 0 the fish may receive the impact of the fluid at the beginning of the displacement caused by the opercles, which be- 60 sides displacin more the fluid of the lateral zones to facilitate the penetration of the whole system owing to their rational distribution of elasticity transform the passive resistance into components directed towards the movement in addition to the propulsion of the caudal propeller.

The object of the present invention is derived from the above summary remarks to obtain the same effects in the hulls and car bodies in general while moving, that is a remarkable diminution of the passive resistances.

The invention is diagrammatically illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in

which Fig. 1 shows a' plan view of the hull of a hydroplane,

Fig. 2 a plan view of hull of submarine boat,

F ,3 a torpedo, and

Fig. 4: is a plan view of body of aeroplane. The ofisettings or steps a I) such as found 1n variable numbers of the point of the fins fulfill the same purpose by flexible plates 0. The steps a have the function of opercles.

Plates 0 of flexible material are tapered from attachment to hull towards the back edge and may also be composed of variable length in order to give a decreasing elasticity so as to describe highly efiicient curves under the resistance met with when in movement.

The deformation of said plates a besides removing the fluid from the lateral surface of the hull thereby decreasing the passive resistances, generate components for the dc"- composition of forces directed towards the movement and therefor useful.

Blades 0 applied to ofl'settings and steps in the outer lower part of bull have also the function to raise them to the surface of the water under hi h speeds, and said blades 0 may be operate by pilot. 1

The above descri ed system may be usedfor any shape of hull or coach or cabin body, for dirigible propelled bodies, aerial and other torpedoes, and any kind of propelling system.

The back part of the various structural forms may be provided with stabilizing plans, depth rudders, steering rudders, propellers, etc.

Having now particularly described and asce'rtained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is:

1. In aerial, land and marine craft, a body having external offsets defining step-like formations, and flexible plates arranged along the sides of the body, and also located at the step-like formations.

2. In aerial, land and marine craft, a body having external ofi'sets defining step-like formations, and flexible plates arranged along the sides of the bod said plates being arranged in superpose layers. Q 3; In aerial, land and marine craft, a body, having external offsets defining step-like for- & mations, and flexible plates arranged along the sides of the bed said plates being arranged in superpose layers and of varying length.

4. In aerial, land and marine craft, a body having external offsets defining step-like formations, and flexible plates arranged along the sides of the bod gsaid plates being arranged in superpose layers and of var ing length and tapering from the point 0 attaeilment to the body towards the opposite en In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name.

UGO ANTONI. 

